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Judah the Prince ((ヘブライ語:יהודה הנשיא), ''Yehudah HaNasi'') or Judah I, also known as Rabbi or Rabbenu HaQadosh ((ヘブライ語:רבנו הקדוש), "our Master, the holy one"), was a 2nd-century CE rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah. He was a key leader of the Jewish community during the Roman occupation of Judea . According to the Talmud〔M. Avi-Yonah, ''The Jews of Palestine'' (English translation), (New York: 1976), p. 58. ^ Ephraim E. Urbach, ''The Sages'' (English translation), (Jerusalem: 1979), p. 599.〕 he was of the Davidic line, the royal line of King David, hence the title ''nasi'', meaning ''prince''.〔''Talmud Yerushalmi'', quoted in Tosafot, Sanhedrin 5a.〕 The title ''nasi'' was also used for presidents of the Sanhedrin.〔Mishna Chagiga 2:2.〕 Judah died on 15 Kislev around 217 CE.〔Judah Goldin, "The Period of the Talmud" in L. Finkelstein (ed.), ''The Jews: Their History'' (Schocken, New York: 1970), p. 172. ^ L. Margolis and A. Marx, ''A History of the Jewish People'' (Atheneum, New York: 1980), p. 225.〕 == Biography == Judah the Prince was born in 135 CE. According to the Midrash, he came into the world on the same day that Rabbi Akiva died a martyr's death.〔Midrash Genesis Rabbah 53; Midrash Eccl. Rabbah 1:10.〕 The Talmud suggests that this was a result of Divine Providence: God had granted the Jewish people another leader of great stature to succeed Rabbi Akiva. His place of birth is unknown; nor is it recorded where his father, Shimon ben Gamliel II, sought refuge with his family during the persecutions under Hadrian. He is the only ''tanna'' known as Rabbeinu haQadosh, "our holy teacher" due to his deep piety. Upon the restoration of order in the Land of Israel, Usha became the seat of the academy and Judah spent his youth there. His father presumably gave him the same education that he himself had received, including Greek language.〔Sotah 49b.〕 This knowledge of Greek enabled him to become the Jews' intermediary with the Roman authorities. He favored Greek as the language of the country over Syriac (Aramaic).〔Sotah 49b.〕 It is said that in Judah's house, only Hebrew was spoken, and even the maids spoke it.〔Megillah 18a; Rosh Hashana 26b; Naz. 3a; 'Er. 53a.〕 "During Rabbi's career, not only did the scope of rabbinic jurisdiction increase, but the power of the central rabbinic office increased as well. In contrast with his predecessors, Rabbi assumed the responsibilities of a communal functionary by appointing and deposing local leaders and by checking the family purity of Jews in a distant locale. Similarly, he made unprecedented efforts to create a more popular halakhic system. In this vein, he permitted the use of produce immediately following the end of the sabbatical year, the import of produce into the Holy Land, and the acquisition of land from a ''sikarikon''. Thus, while Rabbi strengthened his ties with the wealthy, he also broadened his power base by becoming a more popular figurehead."〔Amram Tropper, ''Wisdom, Politics, and Historiography: Tractate Avot in the Context of the Graeco-Roman Near East'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 130-131.〕 According to the Talmud (Avodah Zarah 10a-b), Judah haNasi was very wealthy and greatly revered in Rome. He had a close friendship with "Antoninus", possibly the Emperor Antoninus Pius,〔A. Mischcon, Abodah Zara, p.10a Soncino, 1988. Mischcon cites various sources, "SJ Rappaport... is of the opinion that our Antoninus is Antoninus Pius." Other opinions cited suggest "Antoninus" was Caracalla, Lucius Verus or Alexander Severus.〕 though it is more likely his famous friendship was with Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus 〔'Codex Judaica' Kantor, second edition, NY 2006, page 146〕 who would consult Judah on various worldly and spiritual matters. The Talmud records the tradition that Judah haNasi was buried in the necropolis of Beit She'arim, in the Lower Galilee.〔Babylonian Talmud (''Talmud Bavli''), Tractate Bava Metzia 85a, Tractate Pesachim 49b; Jerusalem Talmud, Tractate Kelaim 9, 32a-b.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judah the Prince」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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